选词填空解题方法

一、尽量辨性

把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。

1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。

2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。

3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。

4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。

以真题为例，其选项如下：

A)    estimate；B) strength；C) deliberately；D) notify；E) tropical；

F) phenomenon；G) stable；H) attraction；I) completely；J) destructive；

K) starvation；L) bringing；M) exhaustion；N) worth；O) strike

名词：B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)

谓语动词：A,D,O(-ate极可能是动词，fy为动词后缀)

非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾)

形容词：E, G, J, N(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀) 副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)

注意：所谓的“尽量辨性”一是要穷尽一切办法，不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的又没其它办法，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。

二、灵活求解

将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二才是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。

1.确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围

1)关于动词的判断

l 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词

l 根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)

Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。)

l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。

The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. (前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。)

2)其它词的判断

l 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. (这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名词了)

The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词)

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。)

l 副词修饰形容词或动词

…, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词)

l 谓语动词前有名词主语

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。)

l 介词后面必有名词

As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

(在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，注意要搞清楚，in有多种意义，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。)

二、句里句外，猜测词义

一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰

词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

Strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么？最好的当然是现象。

二看逻辑：

1.句内(状语从句，解释，并列等)

As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Perucurrent flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就下降，当然是风的速度或风力。

So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.

空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.

2.前文(指代等、句间连词)

This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.

This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。

表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。

与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。

还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。

递进：Moreover/furthermore/what’more/besides/in addition/even/also

转折：however/but/rather/instead

因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence

3.后文(总分)

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.

段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。

三看习惯用法：固定搭配

Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.

此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用？worth of

sth, 来表明价值某

附一：四级常用后缀

1. 名词后缀

1)-or / er / ess/ crat /cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor

2)-acy, 表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy,diplomacy

3)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”

importance, diligence, difference, obedience

4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

5)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, flexibility,

feasibility,

6)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood,

falsehood

8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action,

solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

9)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism,

colloquialism, heroism

10)-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

11)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement,

judgment, punishment, argument

12)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

13)-ship, 表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship

14)-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

15)-tude, 表示"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)

16)-ure, 表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，

17-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

0)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)

2. 形容词后缀

(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible

2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)

3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

4)-like, manlike, childlike

5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

6)-some, troublesome, handsome

7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

9)-ent, violent

10)-most, foremost, topmost

(11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften,

harden

3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

Simplification        root

4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate。

4. 副词后缀

(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地

-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；

like→likewise同样地

-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地

A) estimate       B) strength    C) deliberately        D) notify    E) tropical       F) phenomenon  

 G) stable        H) attraction

I) completely     J) destructive        K) starvation        L) bringing

El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean  and is thought to be caused by a failure in the

trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the

ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing

in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.

The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.

The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the

world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.

El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left

more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of

damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.

Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

Be worth doing   worth of

M) exhaustion        N) worth            O) strike

47. P phenomenon         48. B strength         49. E tropical       50. L bringing

51. K starvation         52. J destructive       53. N worth       54. A estimate

55. O strike            56. I completely

1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。

2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在

3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on

5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有

6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解

7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,

8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地

9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致

10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地

11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据

12. on one’s own account

1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 

2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责

3) (=by oneself)依靠自己

on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;

of …account 有…..重要性.

13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去

14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)

15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.

16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为.

17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)

18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 

19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.

20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉

21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理

22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)

24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之

25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外

26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循

27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的

28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;

29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.

30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.

31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.

32. have an advantage over 胜过.

have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.

34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意

35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致

36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.

37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.

38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.

39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计

40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不;

all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎

41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.

42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.

43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.

44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.

45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for

46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉

47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力

48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.

49. apply to 与…有关;适用

50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准